New Rules for Optical Components
References. Hubert Kostal, NanoOpto Corp.
Operating in the nano-realm offers designers a host of new opportunities. Understanding what to expect in this miniature world is key to successful nano-optic component design.
Operating in the nano-realm offers designers a host of new opportunities. Understanding what to expect in this miniature world is key to successful nano-optic component design.
Nanostructures
Nano-optic components are based on nanoscale structures arranged in periodic patterns on an optical substrate with critical dimensions much smaller than the wavelength of the light that passes through them. For applications at the IR, visible and UV wavelengths, the useful dimensions of these structures range from several hundred to less than 10 nm. To achieve their intended optical effects, the nanostructure need be only a fraction of a wavelength thick. By contrast, bulk optical elements typically involve structures many times larger than the wavelengths of light, both to provide the desired optical behavior and to facilitate manufacturability. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) view of a cross section of a typical one-dimensional subwavelength grating structure is shown in Figure 1.
Nano-optic components are based on nanoscale structures arranged in periodic patterns on an optical substrate with critical dimensions much smaller than the wavelength of the light that passes through them. For applications at the IR, visible and UV wavelengths, the useful dimensions of these structures range from several hundred to less than 10 nm. To achieve their intended optical effects, the nanostructure need be only a fraction of a wavelength thick. By contrast, bulk optical elements typically involve structures many times larger than the wavelengths of light, both to provide the desired optical behavior and to facilitate manufacturability. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) view of a cross section of a typical one-dimensional subwavelength grating structure is shown in Figure 1.
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